Face Driving Fundamentals

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The Fundamentals of Face Driving

In a world where success is determined by the bottom line, manufacturers are always researching and developing new ways to cut costs and increase production. Whether it’s at the grinding wheel or the CNC lathe, plant managers are always looking to get the most out of their tooling. This need for progress and innovation has lead to many new developments in workholding, including the engineering of high precision face drivers.

Though not a new concept, face driving has been gaining ground in the manufacturing industry as a cost effective way for machinists to hold any type of cylindrical work piece during turning.

In a typical turning application, a machinist chucks one end of the metal workpiece and begins his cut. As he nears completion of the available area, he is forced to stop the machine and turn the part around to complete the cutting of the surface that was previously in the chuck jaws. This process creates two problems. The first and most obvious issue is the time involved. When running production quantities in the hundreds or thousands, the time it takes to chuck each part twice quickly adds up and begins to cut into profits. The second problem lays in the concentricity of the finished piece. If a manufacturer is producing axles or a similar type of shaft work, it is very important that the dimensions of the part be precise from end to end. However, these dimensions may vary slightly in this type of manufacturing process, as the workpiece may not be perfectly aligned when it is chucked for the second time. Both of these problems can be eliminated with the use of a face driver.

A face driver does away with the need to flip the workpiece during the production process and allows for the entire piece to be worked in one operation. In this process the piece of steel is centered in the machine using a live center that locates its point in the center hole on one end of the workpiece. A face driver then uses tailstock pressure to engage the workpiece with its center point which locates the part and provides a consistent axis of rotation. As the machine’s tailstock pressure continues to drive the workpiece against the center point, the axial pressure forces the spring-loaded center point back into the carrier body until the drive pins engage the face of the workpiece, eliminating the need to chuck on the outer diameter. Each pin individually compensates for any irregularities in the face until all pins are fully engaged. This technique removes the chuck jaws from the path of the cutting tool and enables the piece to be worked from end to end, simultaneously cutting production time and increasing concentricity.

Nomenclature

• A face driver is made up of four main parts and is available in two designs and three different mounting options.
• Flange/Shank: The lower portion of the face driver which mounts into the machine and houses many of the internal mechanical parts.
• Carrier Body: Serves as the guide and housing for the drive pins, center points, and compensating medium.
• Center Point: A replaceable spring loaded point that locates in the center hole of the workpiece and provides an axis of rotation while enabling the drive pins to engage the face.
• Drive Pins: Act as the teeth of the face driver and bite into the face of the part being machined. Drive pins are replaceable and depending on the size of the driver and the workpiece involved are used in sets of three to ten.
• Mechanical Face Drivers: The driving pins move independently to allow a five degree pitch of the end face of the workpiece. The mechanical compensation and lock down center point allow a constant length to be held from the center to the taper.
• Hydraulic Face Drivers: This design is generally used in medium roughing operations and can handle loads of up to 3,000 pounds. The pressure equalization of the driving pins is provided by hydraulic fluid. This permits a seven degree pitch on the end face of the part. Behind every drive pin is a sealed piston that prevents oil leakage. The oil cavities behind the pistons are interconnected and the whole system is enclosed.
• Shank Mount: Used when machine spindle requires a morse taper mount.
• Chuck Mount: Shank is gripped using chuck jaws.
• Flange Mount: With a spindle adapter this design mounts directly to the machine. A Flange mount is the most rigid mounting procedure and enables manufacturers to hold high tolerances.

Mounting

Mounting a Mechanical Face Driver

1. Before mounting, indicate on the face of the machine spindle to verify the accuracy of the machine bearings and spindle face.
2. Mount the spindle adapter onto the machine spindle with the adapter mounting screws. Indicate on the spindle adapter face where the face driver will be mounted. Make adjustments if necessary to achieve approximately .005mm (.0002″) run out or less. This number can vary depending on machine variables and the degree of accuracy that you are trying to achieve.
3. Lightly tap the inner ring onto the face driver with a plastic mallet. Take care to make sure the inner ring remains straight while being mounted. The inner ring should be flush with the back of face driver when correctly assembled.
4. Mount the face driver to the spindle adapter with the face driver mounting screws. Snug the screws, but do not tighten. Indicate on the center point nose angle (usually a 60 degree nose angle) or on the ID bore where the center point is mounted. Make adjustments with the centering screws if necessary to achieve approximately .008mm (.0003″) run out or less. This number can vary depending on machine variables and the degree of accuracy that you are trying to achieve. IMPORTANT! Remember to tighten the driver mounting screws to lock the face driver in place before use.

Mounting a Hydraulic Face Driver

1. Before mounting, indicate on the face of the machine spindle to verify the accuracy of the machine bearings and spindle face.
2. Mount the spindle adapter onto the machine spindle with the adapter mounting screws. Indicate on the spindle adapter face where the face driver will be mounted. Make adjustments if necessary to achieve approximately .005mm (.0002″) run out or less. This number can vary depending on machine variables and the degree of accuracy that you are trying to achieve.
3. Mount the face driver to the spindle adapter with the face driver mounting screws. Snug the screws, but do not tighten. Indicate on the center point nose angle (usually a 60 degree nose angle) or on the ID bore where the center point is mounted. Make adjustments with the centering screws if necessary to achieve approximately .008mm (.0003″) run out or less. This number can vary depending on machine variables and the degree of accuracy that you are trying to achieve. IMPORTANT! Remember to tighten the driver mounting screws to lock the face driver in place before use.